Form of Past Perfect
Simple
Positive
|
Negative
|
Question
|
|
no
differences
|
I
had spoken.
|
I
had not spoken.
|
Had
I spoken?
|
For irregular
verbs, use the past participle form .
For regular verbs, just add ed.
Exceptions in
Spelling when Adding ed
Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
|
Example
|
after
final e, only add d
|
love
– loved
|
final
consonant after a short, stressed vowel
or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled |
admit
– admitted
travel – travelled |
final y after a consonant becomes i
|
hurry
– hurried
|
Use of Past Perfect
- action taking place before a certain time in the
past (putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration)
Example:
Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.
- Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given
in the past)
Example:
If I had seen him,
I would have talked to him.
Signal Words
already, just, never, not yet, once, until
that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
